Iowa State Personnel Standards

Iowa State Personnel Standards

Audiologist – Licensed

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Discipline Audiologist
License/Certificate Licensed Audiologist
State Department Iowa Department of Public Health - Board of Speech Pathology & Audiology
State Department Hyperlink https://dial.iowa.gov/about/boards/speech-pathology-audiology
Type of License/Certificate Licensure/Certificate
Age Range Birth - Death
Degree Level Requirement Master's
Licensure specific coursework? Must show evidence of completion of not less than 400 hours of supervised clinical training in audiology as a student in an accredited school, college, or university. Completion of not less than nine months of clinical experience under the supervision of a licensed audiologist following the receipt of the master's degree or as part of a doctoral degree.
Licensure Require Specific Field or Clinical Work? Show evidence of completion of not less than four hundred hours of supervised clinical training in audiology as a student in an accredited school, college, or university. Show evidence of completion of not less than nine months’ clinical experience under the supervision of a licensed audiologist following the receipt of the master’s degree.
Licensure Dependent on an Exam? Pass an examination as determined by the board in rule.
Additional requirements specific for schools? The holder of this endorsement is authorized to serve as a school audiologist to pupils from birth to age 21 who have hearing impairments (and to a maximum allowable age in accordance with Iowa Code section 256B.8). 1. An applicant must hold a Master's degree in audiology. 2. Content. An applicant must complete the requirements in audiology and in the professional education sequence, i.e., 20 semester hours including student teaching/internship as a school audiologist. Courses in the following areas may be recognized for fulfilling the 20-hour sequence: a. Curriculum courses (e.g., reading, methods, curriculum development). b. Foundations (e.g., philosophy of education, foundations of education). c. Educational measurements (e.g., school finance, tests and measurements, measures and evaluation of instruction). d. Educational psychology (e.g., educational psychology, educational psychology measures, principles of behavior modification). e. Courses in special education (e.g., introduction to special education, learning disabilities). f. Child development courses (e.g., human growth and development, principles and theories of child development, history of early childhood education). 3. General education courses (e.g., introduction to psychology, sociology, history, literature, humanities) will not be credited toward fulfillment of the required 20 hours. 4. An applicant must complete an approved human relations component. 5. The program must include preparation that contributes to the education of individuals with disabilities and the gifted and talented. http://www.boee.iowa.gov/endorsements/endorsements_other_prorecognition.html#Audiologist
Alternative Route Provisional or Temporary
  1. Any person who has fulfilled all of the requirements for licensure except for the nine months of clinical experience may apply for a temporary clinical license. Applicant must be supervised by an Iowa licensed speech-language pathologist or audiologist.
  2. Nonresidents may apply to the Board of Audiology for a temporary permit to practice speech-language pathology or audiology for a period not to exceed three months whenever in the opinion of the Board the need exists; the individual must have substantially the same qualifications as those required for an Iowa license.

Deaf and Hard of Hearing Specialist

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Discipline Deaf and Hard of Hearing Specialist
License/Certificate Deaf or Hard of Hearing Endorsement
State Department Iowa Board of Educational Examiners
State Department Hyperlink https://educate.iowa.gov/educator-licensure/licenses-authorizations
Type of License/Certificate Licensure/Certificate
Age Range Birth - 21 yrs
Degree Level Requirement Bachelor's
Licensure Specific Curriculum/Coursework 1. Foundations of special education. 2. Characteristics of learners. 3. Assessment, diagnosis, and evaluation. 4. Methods and strategies. 5. Managing student behavior and social interaction skills. 6. Communication and collaborative partnerships. 7. Transitional collaboration.
Licensure Require Specific Field or Clinical Work? Student teaching. Students teaching in programs across the age levels of this endorsement. If the student teaching program has a unique age-level emphasis (e.g., K-8 or 5-12), there must be planned activities that incorporate interactive experiences at the other age level.
Licensure Dependent on an Exam?
ETS 266: Birth-21 Deaf or Hard of Hearing Fundamental Subjects: Content Knowledge 5511; Passing Score 160

Early Childhood Educator

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Discipline Early Childhood Educator  (includes Early Childhood Special Education)
License/Certificate Prekindergarten Through Grade 3 Endorsement
State Department Iowa Board of Educational Examiners
State Department Hyperlink https://boee.iowa.gov/endorsement/birth-grade-3-inclusive-settings
Type of License/Certificate Licensure/Certificate
Age Range Birth - 3rd grade
Degree Level Requirement Bachelor's
Licensure Specific Curriculum/Coursework
  1. Promoting child development and learning and individual learning differences
  2. Building family and community relationships
  3. Observing, documenting, and assessing to support young children and families
  4. Using developmentally and individually effective approaches to connect with children and families
  5. Using content knowledge to build a meaningful curriculum
  6. Professional responsibilities
Licensure Require Specific Field or Clinical Work?
  1. Pre-student teaching field experiences, which must comprise a minimum of 100 clock hours to include at least 20 hours of working with each age group (infants and toddlers, preprimary, and primary).
  2. Experiences working with at least three settings that offer early childhood education, such as approved child care centers and registered child development homes, school-based preschool, community agencies, or home visiting programs.
  3. Experiences working with children who have a range of abilities and disabilities and who reflect diverse family systems and other differentiating factors, such as urban and rural socioeconomic status, and cultural and linguistic diversity.
  4. Completion of supervised student teaching experience in at least two different settings including registered child development homes, home visiting programs, state-accredited child care centers, or classrooms that include both children with and without disabilities in two of three age levels: infant and toddler, preprimary, and primary.
Licensure Dependent on an Exam?
ETS 103 - Early Childhood Teacher Pre K- K: Early Childhood: Content Knowledge 5025; Passing Score: 151

Early Childhood Special Educator

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Discipline Early Childhood Special Educator
License/Certificate PK-K Early Childhood Special Education
State Department Iowa Board of Educational Examiners
State Department Hyperlink https://boee.iowa.gov/endorsement/pk-k-early-childhood-special-education
Type of License/Certificate Licensure/Certificate
Age Range PreK to Kindergarten
Degree Level Requirement Bachelor's
Licensure Specific Curriculum/Coursework
  1. Foundations of special education
  2. Characteristics of learners
  3. Assessment, diagnosis and evaluation
  4. Methods and strategies
  5. Managing student behavior and social interaction skills
  6. Communication and collaborative partnerships.
Licensure Require Specific Field or Clinical Work? Student teaching. Student teaching in a PK-K special education program.
Licensure Dependent on an Exam? ETS 262: Early childhood Special education: Early Childhood: Content Knowledge 5025; Passing Score: 152

Early Childhood Education – Inclusive

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Discipline Early Childhood Education - Inclusive
License/Certificate Endorsement
State Department Iowa Board of Educational Examiners
State Department Hyperlink https://boee.iowa.gov/endorsements/endorsements-list
Type of License/Certificate Endorsement
Age Range Birth-Grade 3
Degree Level Requirement Bachelor's
Licensure Specific Curriculum/Coursework Coursework that includes content in 1) Promoting child development and learning and individual differences, 2) Building family and community relationships, 3) Observing, documenting, and assessing to support young children and families, 4) Using developmentally and individually effective approaches to connect with children and families, 5) Using content knowledge to build a meaningful curriculum, 6) Professional responsibilities, and 7) Early childhood field experiences.
Licensure Require Specific Field or Clinical Work? Early Childhood field experiences:

1) pre-student teaching field experiences, which must comprise a minimum of 100 clock hours, to include at least 20 hours of working with each age group (infants and toddlers, preprimary, and primary).

2) Experiences working in at least 3 settings that offer early childhood education, such as approved child care centers and registered child development homes, school-based preschools, community agencies, or home visiting programs.

3) Experiences working with children who have a range of abilities and disabilities and who reflect diverse family systems and other differentiating factors, such as urban and rural, socioeconomic status, and cultural and linguistic diversity.

4) Completion of supervised student teaching experience in at least two different settings including registered child development homes, home visiting programs, state-accredited child care centers, or classrooms that include both children with and without disabilities in two of three ages levels: infant and toddler, preprimary, and primary.
Licensure Dependent on an Exam?
  1. Praxis Principles of Teaching and Learning: Early Childhood, passing score= 157
  2. Praxis II: Fundamental Subjects: Content Knowledge, passing score= 162

Family Therapist

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Discipline Family Therapist
License/Certificate Licensed Marital and Family Therapist
State Department Iowa Department of Public Health
State Department Hyperlink https://dial.iowa.gov/about/boards/behavioral-science
Type of License/Certificate Licensure/Certificate
Age Range Birth - Death
Degree Level Requirement Master's
Licensure Specific Curriculum/Coursework At least 9 semester hours or the equivalent in each of the three areas listed below: (1) Theoretical foundations of marital and family therapy systems. Any course which deals primarily in areas such as family life cycle; theories of family development; marriage or the family; sociology of the family; families under stress; the contemporary family; family in a social context; the cross-cultural family; youth/adult/aging and the family; family subsystems; individual, interpersonal relationships (marital, parental, sibling). (2) Assessment and treatment in family and marital therapy. Any course which deals primarily in areas such as family therapy methodology; family assessment; treatment and intervention methods; Ch 31, p.4 Professional Licensure[645] IAC 6/12/13 overview of major clinical theories of marital and family therapy, such as communications, contextual, experiential, object relations, strategic, structural, systemic, transgenerational. (3) Human development. Any course which deals primarily in areas such as human development; personality theory; human sexuality. One course must be psychopathology. b. At least 3 semester hours or the equivalent in each of the two areas listed below: (1) Ethics and professional studies. Any course which deals primarily in areas such as professional socialization and the role of the professional organization; legal responsibilities and liabilities; independent practice and interprofessional cooperation; ethical issues in marital and family counseling; and family law. (2) Research. Any course which deals primarily in areas such as research design, methods, statistics; research in marital and family studies, and therapy. If the applicant has taught a graduate-level course as outlined above at a college or university accredited by an agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education or the Council on Professional Accreditation, that course will be credited toward the course requirements.
Licensure Require Specific Field or Clinical Work? Supervised clinical experience shall: a. be a minimum of two years of full-time, postgraduate supervised professional work experience in marital and family therapy. b. be completed following completion of the practicum, internship, and all graduate coursework, with the exception of the thesis. c. Include successful completion of at least 3,000 hours of marital and family therapy that shall include at least 1,500 hours of direct client contact and 200 hours of clinical supervision. d. Be completed in person or by electronic means. (1) up to 50% of all supervision may be completed by telephone. e. Include in the 200 hours of clinical supervision at least 100 hours of individual supervision. f. Follow and maintain a plan throughout the supervisory period established by the supervisor of the licensee.
Licensure Dependent on an Exam? Association of Marital and Family Therapy Regulatory Board (AMFTRB) Examination in Marital and Family Therapy; pass/fail

Nurse

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Discipline Nurse
License/Certificate Registered Nurse
State Department Iowa Board of Nursing
State Department Hyperlink https://nursing.iowa.gov/licensure
Type of License/Certificate Licensure/Certificate
Age Range Birth - Death
Degree Level Requirement Associate's
Licensure Dependent on an Exam? NCLEX-RN (National Council Licensure Examination- Registered Nurses); pass/fail
Additional requirements specific for schools? Special Education Nurse. The holder of this authorization is authorized to serve as a special education nurse to pupils requiring special education from birth to 21 (and to a maximum allowable age in accord with Iowa Code section 256B.8). The legalization for these support service personnel is through a statement of professional recognition (SPR) and not through teacher licensure. 1. Program requirements. Degree - baccalaureate in nursing or master in nursing. 2. Current licensure in the state of Iowa by the board of nursing. 3. Two years - experience in public health nursing including service to schools or as a school nurse.

Occupational Therapist

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Discipline Occupational Therapist
License/Certificate Licensed Occupational Therapist
State Department Iowa Department of Public Health: Bureau of Professional Licensure
State Department Hyperlink https://dial.iowa.gov/about/boards/physical-occupational-therapy
Type of License/Certificate Licensure/Certificate
Age Range Birth - Death
Degree Level Requirement Master's
Licensure Require Specific Field or Clinical Work? Successful completion of a period of supervised fieldwork experience at a recognized educational institution or a training program approved by the educational institution where the applicant met the academic requirements. For an occupational therapist, a minimum of six months of supervised fieldwork experience is required.
Licensure Dependent on an Exam? National Board of Certified Occupational Therapist (NBOCT) Certified Occupational Therapist Exam (Score of 450)
Additional requirements specific for schools? School Occupational Therapists are required to hold a Statement of Professional Recognition from the Iowa Board of Educational Examiners: *The legalization for this support personnel is through a statement of professional recognition (SPR) and not through teacher licensure. (1) Degree or equivalent baccalaureate in occupational therapy. (2) Hold a valid license to practice occupational therapy in Iowa as granted by the division of licensure, state department of health.

Physical Therapist

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Discipline Physical Therapist
License/Certificate Licensed Physical Therapist
State Department Iowa Department of Public Health: Bureau of Professional Licensure
State Department Hyperlink https://dial.iowa.gov/about/boards/physical-occupational-therapy
Type of License/Certificate Licensure/Certificate
Age Range Birth - Death
Degree Level Requirement Doctorate
Licensure Dependent on an Exam? National Physical Therapy Exam (NPTE) passing score of 600
Additional requirements specific for schools? School Physical Therapists are required to hold a Statement of Professional Recognition from the Iowa Board of Educational Examiners: * The legalization for this support service personnel is through a statement of professional recognition (SPR) and not through teacher licensure. (1) Degree or equivalent baccalaureate in physical therapy. (2) Holds a valid license to practice physical therapy in Iowa as granted by the division of licensure, Iowa public health department.

Psychologist

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Discipline Psychologist
License/Certificate Licensed Psychologist
State Department Iowa Department of Public Health
State Department Hyperlink https://dial.iowa.gov/i-need/licenses/medical/mental-health/psychology
Type of License/Certificate Licensure/Certificate
Age Range Birth - Death
Degree Level Requirement Doctorate
Licensure Require Specific Field or Clinical Work? The applicant is required to gain 1500 hours of supervised professional experience and must complete this within one year. While completing work experience, the supervisor must be qualified and approved by the Iowa board and they must also provide you with one hour of direct supervision a week.
Licensure Dependent on an Exam? Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP). The ASPPB recommended passing scores are set at 500 for independent practice and 450 for supervised practice

School Psychologist

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Discipline School Psychologist
License/Certificate School Psychologist (License Type: Additional Support, Professional Service)
State Department Iowa Board of Educational Examiners
State Department Hyperlink https://educate.iowa.gov/educator-licensure/endorsements-list/b-21-school-psychologist
Type of License/Certificate Licensure/Certificate
Age Range Birth - 21 yrs
Degree Level Requirement Master's
Licensure Specific Curriculum/Coursework
  1. The program shall include an approved human relations component.
  2. The program must include preparation that contributes to the education of students with disabilities and students who are gifted and talented.
Licensure Dependent on an Exam? Psychology-5-12 Psychology 5391; Passing score: 156

Social Worker – School

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Discipline Social Worker
License/Certificate School Social Worker
State Department Iowa Board of Educational Examiners
State Department Hyperlink https://dial.iowa.gov/boards/social-work
Type of License/Certificate Licensure/Certificate
Age Range Birth - 21 yrs
Degree Level Requirement Master's
Licensure Specific Curriculum/Coursework General education (e.g., school law, foundations of education, methods, psychoeducational measurement, behavior management, child development). Special education (e.g., exceptional children, psychoeducational measurement, behavior management, special education regulations, counseling school-age children).
Licensure Require Specific Field or Clinical Work? Practicum experience. A practicum experience in a school setting under the supervision of an experienced school social work practice is required. The practicum shall include experiences that lead to the development of professional identity and the disciplined use of self. These experiences will include assessment, direct services to children and families, consultation, staffing, community liaison, and documentation. If a person has served two years as a school social worker, the practicum experience can be waived.
Licensure Dependent on an Exam? Praxis Principles of Teaching and Learning: Early Childhood, passing score= 159
Additional requirements specific for schools? Must also obtain authorization to practice as a school social worker through the Iowa Board of Educational Examiners (BoEE) in one of the following two ways, 1) with a B-21 School Social Work Endorsement from the BoEE or 2) with licensure through the Iowa Department of Public Health as a Licensed Masters Social Worker or Licensed Independent Social worker with a Statement of Professional Recognition from the BoEE.

Social Worker – Bachelor

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Discipline Social Worker
License/Certificate Bachelor level Social Worker
State Department Iowa Board of Social Work
State Department Hyperlink https://dial.iowa.gov/about/boards/social-work
Type of License/Certificate Licensure/Certificate
Age Range Birth - Death
Degree Level Requirement Bachelor
Licensure Dependent on an Exam? Bachelor level social worker—the basic level examination, The ASWB passing score will be utilized as the Iowa passing score.
Additional requirements specific for schools? An individual who meets the requirements of paragraph 15.7(5)b or 282-subrule 16.6(2) is authorized to serve as a school social worker to pupils from birth to age 21 (and to a maximum allowable age in accordance with Iowa Code section 256B.8): 1. An applicant must hold a master's degree in social work from an accredited school of social work to include a minimum of 20 semester hours of coursework (including practicum experience) which demonstrates skills, knowledge, and competencies in the following areas: a. Assessment (e.g., social, emotional, behavioral, and familial). b. Intervention (e.g., individual, group, and family counseling). c. Related studies (e.g., community resource coordination, multidiscipline teaming, organizational behavior, and research). d. Education. *General education (e.g., school law, foundations of education, methods, psychoeducational measurement, behavior management, child development). *Special education (e.g., exceptional children, psychoeducational measurement, behavior management, special education regulations, counseling school-age children). e. Practicum experience. A practicum experience in a school setting under the supervision of an experienced school social work practice is required. The practicum shall include experiences that lead to the development of professional identity and the disciplined use of self. These experiences will include assessment, direct services to children and families, consultation, staffing, community liaison, and documentation. If a person has served two years as a school social worker, the practicum experience can be waived. 2. Completion of an approved human relations component is required. 3. The program must include preparation that contributes to the education of students with disabilities and students who are gifted and talented.

Social Worker – Independent

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Discipline Social Worker
License/Certificate Licensed Independent Social Worker
State Department Iowa Board of Social Work
State Department Hyperlink https://dial.iowa.gov/about/boards/social-work
Type of License/Certificate Licensure/Certificate
Age Range Birth - Death
Degree Level Requirement Master's
Licensure specific coursework The degree program should comprise of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of psychosocial issues.
Licensure Require Specific Field or Clinical Work?
Has engaged in the practice of social work, under supervision, for at least two years as a full-time employee or for four thousand hours prior to taking the examination given by
the board.
Licensure Dependent on an Exam? Independent level social worker—the clinical level examination.. The ASWB passing score will be utilized as the Iowa passing score
Additional requirements specific for schools? An individual who meets the requirements of paragraph 15.7 (5)b or 282-subrule 16.6(2) is authorized to serve as a school social worker to pupils from birth to age 21 (and to a maximum allowable age in accordance with Iowa Code section 256B.8):
  1. An applicant must hold a master's degree in social work from an accredited school of social work to include a minimum of 20 semester hours of coursework (including practicum experience) which demonstrates skills, knowledge, and competencies in the following areas: a. Assessment (e.g., social, emotional, behavioral, and familial). b. Intervention (e.g., individual, group, and family counseling). c. Related studies (e.g., community resource coordination, multidiscipline teaming, organizational behavior, and research). d. Education. *General education (e.g., school law, foundations of education, methods, psychoeducational measurement, behavior management, child development). *Special education (e.g., exceptional children, psychoeducational measurement, behavior management, special education regulations, counseling school-age children). e. Practicum experience. A practicum experience in a school setting under the supervision of an experienced school social worker is required. The practicum shall include experiences that lead to the development of professional identity and the disciplined use of self. These experiences will include assessment, direct services to children and families, consultation, staffing, community liaison, and documentation. If a person has served two years as a school social worker, the practicum experience can be waived.
  2. Completion of an approved human relations component is required.
  3. The program must include preparation that contributes to the education of students with disabilities and students who are gifted and talented.

Speech Language Pathologist – School

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Discipline Speech-Language Pathologist
License/Certificate School Speech-Language Pathologist
State Department Iowa Board of Educational Examiners
State Department Hyperlink https://dial.iowa.gov/about/boards/speech-pathology-audiology
Type of License/Certificate Licensure/Certificate
Age Range Birth - 21 yrs
Degree Level Requirement Master's
Licensure Specific Curriculum/Coursework The applicant must have completed the requirements in speech pathology and in the professional education sequence, i.e., 20 semester hours including student teaching/internship as a school speech-language pathologist. Courses in the following areas may be recognized for fulfilling the 20-hour sequence: 1. Curriculum courses (e.g., reading, methods, curriculum development). 2. Foundations (e.g., philosophy of education, foundations of education). 3. Educational measurements (e.g., school finance, tests and measurements, measures and evaluation of instruction). 4. Educational psychology (e.g., educational psychology, educational psychology measures, principles of behavior modification). 5. Courses in special education (e.g., introduction to special education, learning disabilities). 6. Child development courses (e.g., human growth and development, principles and theories of child development, history and theories of early childhood education). * General education courses (e.g., introduction to psychology, sociology, history, literature, humanities) will not be credited toward fulfillment of the required 20 hours.

The applicant must complete an approved human relations component.

The program must include preparation that contributes to the education of individuals with disabilities and the gifted and talented.
Licensure Require Specific Field or Clinical Work? Not less than four hundred (400) hours of supervised clinical training in speech pathology and verification of nine (9) months of full-time clinical experience, or equivalent, completed after the master's degree, under the supervision of a licensed speech pathologist.
Licensure Dependent on an Exam? Praxis II Speech-Language Pathology exam (Score of 600)
Alternative Route Provisional or Temporary
  1. Any person who has fulfilled all of the requirements for licensure except for the nine months of clinical experience may apply for a temporary clinical license. Applicant must be supervised by an Iowa licensed speech-language pathologist.
  2. Nonresidents may apply to the Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology for a temporary permit to practice speech-language pathology for a period not to exceed three months whenever in the opinion of the Board the need exists; the individual must have substantially the same qualifications as those required for an Iowa license.
Additional requirements specific for schools?
  1. Must possess a master's degree in speech-language pathology from an accredited college or university.
  2. Complete at least 20 semester hours of coursework in the professional education sequence, including student teaching/internship as a school speech-language pathologist.

Speech Language Pathologist – Licensed

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Discipline Speech-Language Pathologist
License/Certificate Licensed Speech Pathologist
State Department Iowa Department of Public Health, Bureau of Licenses, Iowa Board of Speech Pathology & Audiology
State Department Hyperlink https://dial.iowa.gov/about/boards/speech-pathology-audiology
Type of License/Certificate Licensure/Certificate
Age Range Birth - Death
Degree Level Requirement Master's
Licensure Require Specific Field or Clinical Work? Not less than four hundred (400) hours of supervised clinical training in speech pathology and verification of nine (9) months of full-time clinical experience, or equivalent, completed after the master's degree, under the supervision of a licensed speech pathologist.
Licensure Dependent on an Exam? Praxis II Speech-Language Pathology exam (Score of 600)
Additional requirements specific for schools?
  1. Must possess a master's degree in speech-language pathology from an accredited college or university.
  2. Complete at least 20 semester hours of coursework in the professional education sequence, including student teaching/internship as a school speech-language pathologist.
Alternative Route Provisional or Temporary
  1. Any person who has fulfilled all of the requirements for licensure except for the nine months of clinical experience may apply for a temporary clinical license. Applicant must be supervised by an Iowa licensed speech-language pathologist.
  2. Nonresidents may apply to the Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology for a temporary permit to practice speech-language pathology for a period not to exceed three months whenever in the opinion of the Board the need exists; the individual must have substantially the same qualifications as those required for an Iowa license.

Vision Specialist

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Discipline Vision Specialist
License/Certificate Visually Disabled Endorsement
State Department Iowa Board of Educational Examiners
State Department Hyperlink https://educate.iowa.gov/educator-licensure/licenses-authorizations
Type of License/Certificate Endorsement
Age Range Birth - 21 yrs
Degree Level Requirement Bachelor's
Licensure Specific Curriculum/Coursework
  1. Foundations of special education.
  2. Characteristics of learners.
  3. Assessment, diagnosis, and evaluation.
  4. Methods and strategies.
  5. Managing student behavior and social interaction skills.
  6. Communication and collaborative partnerships.
  7. Transitional collaboration.
Licensure Require Specific Field or Clinical Work? Students teaching in programs across the age levels of this endorsement. If the student teaching program has a unique age-level emphasis (e.g., K-8 or 5-12), there must be planned activities that incorporate interactive experiences at the other age level.
Licensure Dependent on an Exam? ETS 267: Birth-21 Visually Impaired Fundamental Subjects: Content Knowledge 5511 ; Passing Score 160